Internet Design | Ramesh Govindan

Our lab has focused on the design of data centers and cloud computing systems, network design and measurement, and content delivery over wide area networks. The following sections list some papers in each of these topics.

Cloud computing

SIGCOMM
ZENITH: Towards A Formally Verified Highly-Available Control Plane

Pooria Namyar, Arvin Ghavidel, Mingyang Zhang, and 4 more authors

In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference, 2025

Abs Bib Link

Today, large-scale software-defined networks use microservice-based controllers. Bugs in these controllers can reduce network availability by making the data plane state inconsistent with the high-level intent. To recover from such inconsistencies, modern controllers periodically reconcile the state of all the switches with the desired intent. However, periodic reconciliation limits the availability and performance of the network at scale. We introduce Zenith, a microservice-based controller that avoids inconsistencies by design rather than always relying on recovery mechanisms. We have formally verified Zenith’s specifications and have proved that it ensures the network state will eventually be consistent with intent. We automatically generate Zenith’s code from its specification to minimize the likelihood of errors in the final implementation. Zenith’s guarantees and abstractions also enable developers to independently verify SDN applications and ensure end-to-end safety and correctness. Zenith resolves inconsistencies 5\texttimes faster than today’s designs and significantly improves availability.
@inproceedings{namyar.p.ghavidel.a.ea:zenith, author = {Namyar, Pooria and Ghavidel, Arvin and Zhang, Mingyang and Madhyastha, Harsha V. and Ravi, Srivatsan and Wang, Chao and Govindan, Ramesh}, title = {ZENITH: Towards A Formally Verified Highly-Available Control Plane}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference}, year = {2025}, series = {SIGCOMM '25}, pages = {409–433}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, isbn = {9798400715242}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3718958.3750533}, doi = {10.1145/3718958.3750533}, numpages = {25}, keywords = {software defined networking, formal methods, availability}, topics = {dcn}, location = {S\~{a}o Francisco Convent, Coimbra, Portugal} }
SIGCOMM
Firefly: Scalable, Ultra-Accurate Clock Synchronization for Datacenters

Pooria Namyar, Yuliang Li, Weitao Wang, and 10 more authors

In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference, 2025

Abs Bib Link

Cloud-based financial exchanges require sub-10ns device-to-device clock synchronization accuracy while adhering to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Existing clock sync techniques struggle to meet this demand at scale and are vulnerable to clock drift, jitter, and path asymmetries. Firefly, a software-driven datacenter clock sync system, scalably, cost-effectively, and reliably achieves very high clock sync accuracy. It employs a distributed consensus algorithm on a random overlay graph to rapidly converge to a common time while applying gradual adjustments to device hardware clocks. To realize consistent sync-to-UTC (external sync) across devices while maintaining a stable device-to-device internal sync, Firefly uses a novel technique, layered synchronization, that decouples internal and external syncs. In a 248-machine Clos network, Firefly achieves sub-10ns device-to-device and ≤1μs device-to-UTC sync, and is resilient to time server failure and unstable clocks.
@inproceedings{namyar.p.li.y.ea:firefly, author = {Namyar, Pooria and Li, Yuliang and Wang, Weitao and Dukkipati, Nandita and Yap, Kk and Gong, Junzhi and Chen, Chen and Gao, Peixuan and Ray, Devdeep and Kumar, Gautam and Ma, Yidan and Govindan, Ramesh and Vahdat, Amin}, title = {Firefly: Scalable, Ultra-Accurate Clock Synchronization for Datacenters}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference}, year = {2025}, series = {SIGCOMM '25}, pages = {434–452}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, isbn = {9798400715242}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3718958.3750502}, doi = {10.1145/3718958.3750502}, numpages = {19}, topics = {dcn}, keywords = {clock synchronization, financial exchange, UTC synchronization, path asymmetry, distributed consensus}, location = {S\~{a}o Francisco Convent, Coimbra, Portugal} }

ToN

Optimal Oblivious Routing With Concave Objectives for Structured Networks

K. Chitavisutthivong, S. Supittayapornpong, P. Namyar, and 3 more authors

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Apr 2023

Bib

@article{chitavisutthivong.k.supittayapornpong.s.ea:optimal,
  author = {Chitavisutthivong, K. and Supittayapornpong, S. and Namyar, P. and Zhang, M. and Yu, M. and Govindan, R.},
  journal = {IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking},
  title = {Optimal Oblivious Routing With Concave Objectives for
  		  Structured Networks},
  year = {2023},
  volume = {},
  number = {01},
  issn = {1558-2566},
  pages = {1-13},
  keywords = {routing;topology;network
  		  topology;servers;throughput;optimization;ieee
  		  transactions},
  doi = {10.1109/TNET.2023.3264632},
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
  address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
  month = apr,
  topics = {dcn}
}

NSDI

CloudCluster: Unearthing the Functional Structure of a Cloud Service

Weiwu Pang, Sourav Panda, Jehangir Amjad, and 2 more authors

In 19th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 22), Apr 2022

Bib Link

@inproceedings{pang.w.panda.s.ea:cloudcluster,
  author = {Pang, Weiwu and Panda, Sourav and Amjad, Jehangir and Diot, Christophe and Govindan, Ramesh},
  title = {{CloudCluster}: Unearthing the Functional Structure of a
  		  Cloud Service},
  booktitle = {19th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and
  		  Implementation (NSDI 22)},
  year = {2022},
  isbn = {978-1-939133-27-4},
  address = {Renton, WA},
  pages = {1213--1230},
  url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi22/presentation/pang},
  publisher = {USENIX Association},
  topics = {dcn}
}

SoCC
Quadrant: A Cloud-Deployable NF Virtualization Platform

Jianfeng Wang, Tamás Lévai, Zhuojin Li, and 3 more authors

In SoCC ’22: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing, Apr 2022

Abs Bib Link Slides

Network Functions (NFs) now touch a significant fraction of Internet traffic. The hope has been that software-based NF Virtualization (NFV) would enable rapid development of new NFs by vendors and leverage the power and economics of commodity computing infrastructure for NF deployment. To date, no cloud NFV systems achieve NF chaining, isolation, SLO-adherence, and scaling together with existing cloud computing infrastructure and abstractions, all while achieving generality, speed, and ease of deployment; these properties are taken for granted in other cloud contexts but unavailable for NF processing. We present Quadrant, an efficient and secure cloud-deployable NFV system, and show that Quadrant’s approach of adapting existing cloud infrastructure to support packet processing can achieve NF chaining, isolation, generality, and performance in NFV. Quadrant reuses common cloud infrastructure such as Kubernetes, cloud functions, the Linux kernel, NIC hardware, and switches. It enables easy NFV deployment while delivering up to double the performance per core compared to the state of the art.
@inproceedings{wang.j.lévai.t.ea:quadrant, title = {Quadrant: A Cloud-Deployable NF Virtualization Platform}, author = {Wang, Jianfeng and Lévai, Tamás and Li, Zhuojin and Vieira, Marcos A. M. and Govindan, Ramesh and Raghavan, Barath}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3542929.3563471}, talk = {https://youtu.be/70_bUua5870}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-11-07}, booktitle = {SoCC '22: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing}, keywords = {NFV, cloud computing, SLO}, pubstate = {to appear}, tppubtype = {inproceedings}, topics = {dcn} }

Infocom

Optimal Oblivious Routing for Structured Networks

Sucha Supittayapornpong, Pooria Namyar, Mingyang Zhang, and 2 more authors

In IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, Apr 2022

Bib Link

@inproceedings{supittayapornpong.s.namyar.p.ea:optimal,
  author = {Supittayapornpong, Sucha and Namyar, Pooria and Zhang, Mingyang and Yu, Minlan and Govindan, Ramesh},
  booktitle = {IEEE INFOCOM 2022 - IEEE Conference on Computer
  		  Communications},
  title = {Optimal Oblivious Routing for Structured Networks},
  year = {2022},
  pages = {1988-1997},
  doi = {10.1109/INFOCOM48880.2022.9796682},
  topics = {dcn}
}

SIGCOMM

A throughput-centric view of the performance of datacenter topologies

Pooria Namyar, Sucha Supittayapornpong, Mingyang Zhang, and 2 more authors

In ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference, Virtual Event, USA, August 23-27, 2021, Apr 2021

Bib Link

@inproceedings{namyar.p.supittayapornpong.s.ea:throughput-centric,
  author = {Namyar, Pooria and Supittayapornpong, Sucha and Zhang, Mingyang and Yu, Minlan and Govindan, Ramesh},
  editor = {Kuipers, Fernando A. and Caesar, Matthew C.},
  title = {A throughput-centric view of the performance of datacenter
  		  topologies},
  booktitle = {{ACM} {SIGCOMM} 2021 Conference, Virtual Event, USA,
  		  August 23-27, 2021},
  pages = {349--369},
  publisher = {{ACM}},
  year = {2021},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3452296.3472913},
  doi = {10.1145/3452296.3472913},
  timestamp = {Wed, 11 Aug 2021 15:56:33 +0200},
  topics = {dcn},
  biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sigcomm/NamyarS0YG21.bib}
}

ArXiv

Gemini: Practical Reconfigurable Datacenter Networks with Topology and Traffic Engineering

Mingyang Zhang, Jianan Zhang, Rui Wang, and 3 more authors

CoRR, Apr 2021

Bib Link

@article{zhang.m.zhang.j.ea:gemini,
  author = {Zhang, Mingyang and Zhang, Jianan and Wang, Rui and Govindan, Ramesh and Mogul, Jeffrey C. and Vahdat, Amin},
  title = {Gemini: Practical Reconfigurable Datacenter Networks with
  		  Topology and Traffic Engineering},
  journal = {CoRR},
  volume = {abs/2110.08374},
  year = {2021},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  eprint = {2110.08374},
  timestamp = {Thu, 03 Feb 2022 07:26:25 +0100},
  biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2110-08374.bib},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org},
  topics = {dcn}
}

SIGCOMM

Towards Highly Available Clos-Based WAN Routers

Sucha Supittayapornpong, Barath Raghavan, and Ramesh Govindan

Apr 2019

Bib Link

@conference{supittayapornpong.s.raghavan.b.ea:towards,
  title = {Towards Highly Available Clos-Based WAN Routers},
  author = {Supittayapornpong, Sucha and Raghavan, Barath and Govindan, Ramesh},
  url = {https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3342086},
  year = {2019},
  date = {2019-08-19},
  booktitle = {ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Network Architectures and
  		  Protocols},
  pubstate = {published},
  topics = {dcn},
  tppubtype = {conference},
}

NSDI

Understanding Lifecycle Management Complexity of Datacenter Topologies

Mingyang Zhang, Radhika Niranjan Mysore, Sucha Supittayapornpong, and 1 more author

In 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), Apr 2019

Bib

@inproceedings{zhang.m.mysore.rn.ea:understanding,
  title = {Understanding Lifecycle Management Complexity of
  		  Datacenter Topologies},
  author = {Zhang, Mingyang and Mysore, Radhika Niranjan and Supittayapornpong, Sucha and Govindan, Ramesh},
  year = {2019},
  date = {2019-02-26},
  booktitle = {16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and
  		  Implementation (NSDI)},
  pubstate = {published},
  topics = {dcn},
  tppubtype = {conference},
}

Network design and measurement

ANRW

Tools for disambiguating RFCs

Jane Yen, Ramesh Govindan, and Barath Raghavan

In ANRW ’21: Applied Networking Research Workshop, Virtual Event, USA, July 24-30, 2021, 2021

Bib Link

@inproceedings{yen.j.govindan.r.ea:tools-for-disambiguating-rfcs,
  author = {Yen, Jane and Govindan, Ramesh and Raghavan, Barath},
  title = {{Tools for disambiguating RFCs}},
  booktitle = {{ANRW} '21: Applied Networking Research Workshop, Virtual
  		  Event, USA, July 24-30, 2021},
  pages = {85--91},
  publisher = {{ACM}},
  year = {2021},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3472305.3472314},
  doi = {10.1145/3472305.3472314},
  timestamp = {Wed, 28 Jul 2021 11:43:15 +0200},
  topics = {measure},
  biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/anrw/YenGR21.bib}
}

SIGCOMM

Semi-automated protocol disambiguation and code generation

Jane Yen, Tamás Lévai, Qinyuan Ye, and 3 more authors

In ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference, Virtual Event, USA, August 23-27, 2021, 2021

Bib Link

@inproceedings{yen.j.levai.t.ea:semi-automated,
  author = {Yen, Jane and L{\'{e}}vai, Tam{\'{a}}s and Ye, Qinyuan and Ren, Xiang and Govindan, Ramesh and Raghavan, Barath},
  editor = {Kuipers, Fernando A. and Caesar, Matthew C.},
  		  generation},
  booktitle = {{ACM} {SIGCOMM} 2021 Conference, Virtual Event, USA,
  		  August 23-27, 2021},
  pages = {272--286},
  publisher = {{ACM}},
  year = {2021},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3452296.3472910},
  doi = {10.1145/3452296.3472910},
  timestamp = {Wed, 11 Aug 2021 15:56:33 +0200},
  topics = {measure},
  biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sigcomm/YenLY0GR21.bib}
}

CoNEXT

Meeting SLOs in Cross-Platform NFV

Jane Yen, Jianfeng Wang, Sucha Supittayapornpong, and 3 more authors

In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies, 2020

Bib Link

@inproceedings{yen.j.wang.j.ea:meeting,
  author = {Yen, Jane and Wang, Jianfeng and Supittayapornpong, Sucha and Vieira, Marcos A M and Govindan, Ramesh and Raghavan, Barath},
  title = {Meeting SLOs in Cross-Platform NFV},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3386367.3431292},
  doi = {10.1145/3386367.3431292},
  isbn = {9781450379489},
  year = {2020},
  date = {2020-01-01},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on
  		  Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies},
  pages = {509–523},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  address = {Barcelona, Spain},
  series = {CoNEXT '20},
  keywords = {},
  topics = {measure},
  pubstate = {published},
  tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}

SIGCOMM

Trumpet: Timely and Precise Triggers in Data Centers

Masoud Moshref, Minlan Yu, Ramesh Govindan, and 1 more author

In Proceedings of the ACM Conference of the Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM ’16) , au 2016

Bib

@inproceedings{moshref.m.yu.m.ea:trumpet--timely-and-precise-triggers-in-data-centers,
  author = {Moshref, Masoud and Yu, Minlan and Govindan, Ramesh and Vahdat, Amin},
  title = { {Trumpet: Timely and Precise Triggers in Data Centers} },
  booktitle = { Proceedings of the ACM Conference of the Special Interest
  		  Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM '16) },
  month =  au,
  location = { Florianópolis, Brazil },
  year = {2016},
  topics = {measure},
  		  },
  projects = { Software-definedMeasurement }
}

NSDI

A General Approach to Network Configuration Analysis

A. Fogel, S. Fung, L. Pedrosa, and 4 more authors

In Proc. Usenix Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), au 2015

Bib

@inproceedings{fogel.a.fung.s.ea:a-general-approach-to-network-configuration-analysis,
  author = {Fogel, A. and Fung, S. and Pedrosa, L. and Walraed-Sullivan, M. and Govindan, R. and Mahajan, R. and Millstein, T.},
  title = {{A General Approach to Network Configuration Analysis}},
  booktitle = {Proc. Usenix Symposium on Networked Systems Design and
  		  Implementation (NSDI)},
  topics = {measure},
  year = {2015}
}

CoNEXT

SCREAM: Sketch Resource Allocation for Software-defined Measurement

Masoud Moshref, Minlan Yu, Ramesh Govindan, and 1 more author

In ACM International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT) , de 2015

Bib

@inproceedings{moshref.m.yu.m.ea:scream--sketch-resource-allocation-for-software-defined-measurement,
  author = {Moshref, Masoud and Yu, Minlan and Govindan, Ramesh and Vahdat, Amin},
  title = { {SCREAM: Sketch Resource Allocation for Software-defined
  		  Measurement} },
  booktitle = { ACM International Conference on emerging Networking
  		  EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT) },
  month =  de,
  topics = {measure},
  location = { Heidelberg, Germany },
  year = {2015}
}

NSDI

Analyzing Protocol Implementations for Interoperability

L. Pedrosa, A. Fogel, N. Kothari, and 3 more authors

In Proc. Usenix Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), de 2015

Bib

@inproceedings{pedrosa.l.fogel.a.ea:analyzing-protocol-implementations-for-interoperability,
  author = {Pedrosa, L. and Fogel, A. and Kothari, N. and Govindan, R. and Mahajan, R. and Millstein, T.},
  title = {{Analyzing Protocol Implementations for
  		  Interoperability}},
  booktitle = {Proc. Usenix Symposium on Networked Systems Design and
  		  Implementation (NSDI)},
  topics = {measure},
  year = {2015}
}

CoNEXT

Magus: Minimizing Cellular Service Disruption during Planned Upgrades

Xing Xu, Ioannis Broustis, Zihui Ge, and 4 more authors

In ACM International Conference on emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies (CoNEXT) , de 2015

Bib

@inproceedings{xu.x.broustis.i.ea:magus--minimizing-cellular-service-disruption-during-planned-upgrades,
  author = {Xu, Xing and Broustis, Ioannis and Ge, Zihui and Govindan, Ramesh and Mahimkar, Ajay and Shankaranarayanan, N. K. and Wang, Jia},
  title = { {Magus: Minimizing Cellular Service Disruption during
  		  Planned Upgrades} },
  booktitle = { ACM International Conference on emerging Networking
  		  Experiments and Technologies (CoNEXT) },
  month =  de,
  topics = {measure},
  location = { Heidelberg, Germany },
  year = {2015},
  projects = { }
}

Content delivery

Sigcomm
Dragonfly: Higher Perceptual Quality For Continuous 360° Video Playback

Ehab Ghabashneh, Chandan Bothra, Ramesh Govindan, and 2 more authors

In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2023 Conference, 2023

Abs Bib Link

When streaming 360° video, it is possible to reduce bandwidth by 5\texttimes with approaches that spatially segment video into tiles and only stream the user’s viewport. Unfortunately, it is difficult to accurately predict a user’s viewport even 2–3 seconds before playback. This results in rebuffering events owing to misprediction of a user’s viewport or network bandwidth dips, which hurts interactive experience. However, avoiding rebuffering by naively skipping tiles that do not arrive by the playback deadline may lead to incomplete viewports and degraded experience.In this paper, we describe Dragonfly, a new 360° system that preserves interactive experience by avoiding playback stalls while maintaining high perceptual quality. Dragonfly prudently skips tiles using a model that defines an overall utility function to decide which tiles to fetch, and at which qualities they should be fetched, with the goal of optimizing user experience. To minimize incomplete viewports, it also fetches a low quality masking stream. Using a user study with 26 users and emulation-based experiments we show that Dragonfly has higher quality, and lower overheads, than state-of-the-art 360° streaming approaches. For instance, in our study, 65% of sessions have a rating of 4 or higher (Good/Excellent) with Dragonfly, while only 16% of sessions with Pano, and 13% of sessions with Flare achieve this rating.
@inproceedings{ghabashneh.e.bothra.c.ea:dragonfly, author = {Ghabashneh, Ehab and Bothra, Chandan and Govindan, Ramesh and Ortega, Antonio and Rao, Sanjay}, title = {Dragonfly: Higher Perceptual Quality For Continuous 360° Video Playback}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2023 Conference}, year = {2023}, series = {ACM SIGCOMM '23}, pages = {516–532}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, isbn = {9798400702365}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3603269.3604876}, doi = {10.1145/3603269.3604876}, numpages = {17}, keywords = {360° videos, video streaming, adaptive bit-rate (ABR) algorithms}, location = {New York, NY, USA}, topics = {video} }

Enabling Premium Service for Streaming Video in Cellular Networks

Xing Xu, Ramesh Govindan, Ajay Mahimkar, and 3 more authors

In 2020 IFIP Networking Conference (Networking), 2020

Bib

@inproceedings{xu.x.govindan.r.ea:enabling,
  author = {Xu, Xing and Govindan, Ramesh and Mahimkar, Ajay and Shankaranarayanan, N.K. and Wang, Jia and Yu, Minlan},
  booktitle = {2020 IFIP Networking Conference (Networking)},
  title = {Enabling Premium Service for Streaming Video in Cellular
  		  Networks},
  year = {2020},
  volume = {},
  number = {},
  pages = {244-252},
  topics = {video},
  doi = {}
}

CoNEXT

AViC: A Cache for Adaptive Bitrate Video

Zahaib Akhtar, Yaguang Li, Ramesh Govindan, and 4 more authors

In 15th ACM Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT) Orlando, Florida, U.S. December 9-12, 2019, 2019

Bib Link

@inproceedings{akhtar.z.li.y.ea:avic,
  title = {AViC: A Cache for Adaptive Bitrate Video},
  author = {Akhtar, Zahaib and Li, Yaguang and Govindan, Ramesh and Halepovic, Emir and Liu, Yan and Hao, Shuai and Sen, Subhabrata},
  year = {2019},
  date = {2019-12-09},
  booktitle = {15th ACM Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and
  		  Technologies (CoNEXT) Orlando, Florida, U.S. December 9-12,
  		  2019},
  keywords = {},
  pubstate = {published},
  topics = {video},
  tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}

SIGCOMM

Oboe: Auto-tuning Video ABR Algorithms to Network Conditions

Zahaib Akhtar, Yun Seong Nam, Ramesh Govindan, and 6 more authors

In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM), 2018

Bib Link

@inproceedings{akhtar.z.nam.ys.ea:oboe,
  title = {Oboe: Auto-tuning Video ABR Algorithms to Network
  		  Conditions},
  author = {Akhtar, Zahaib and Nam, Yun Seong and Govindan, Ramesh and Rao, Sanjay and Chen, Jessica and Katz-Bassett, Ethan and Ribeiro, Bruno and Zhan, Jibin and Zhang, Hui},
  url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3230543.3230558},
  doi = {10.1145/3230543.3230558},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-5567-4},
  year = {2018},
  date = {2018-01-01},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the ACM Special
  		  Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM)},
  pages = {44--58},
  publisher = {ACM},
  address = {Budapest, Hungary},
  series = {SIGCOMM '18},
  keywords = {adaptive bitrate algorithms, video delivery},
  pubstate = {published},
  topics = {video},
  tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}

IMC

Understanding Video Management Planes

Zahaib Akhtar, Yun Seong Nam, Jessica Chen, and 5 more authors

In Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018, 2018

Bib Link

@inproceedings{akhtar.z.nam.ys.ea:understanding,
  title = {Understanding Video Management Planes},
  author = {Akhtar, Zahaib and Nam, Yun Seong and Chen, Jessica and Govindan, Ramesh and Katz-Bassett, Ethan and Rao, Sanjay and Zhan, Jibin and Zhang, Hui},
  url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3278532.3278554},
  doi = {10.1145/3278532.3278554},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-5619-0},
  year = {2018},
  date = {2018-11-01},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018},
  pages = {238--251},
  publisher = {ACM},
  address = {Boston, MA, USA},
  series = {IMC '18},
  keywords = {video delivery, Video Management Plane},
  pubstate = {published},
  tppubtype = {inproceedings},
  topics = {video},
}

SIGCOMM

An Internet-Wide Analysis of Traffic Policing

Tobias Flach, Pavlos Papageorge, Andreas Terzis, and 5 more authors

In Proceedings of the ACM Conference of the Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM ’16) , au 2016

Bib

@inproceedings{flach.t.papageorge.p.ea:an-internet-wide-analysis-of-traffic-policing,
  author = {Flach, Tobias and Papageorge, Pavlos and Terzis, Andreas and Pedrosa, Luis and Cheng, Yuchung and Karim, Tayeb and Katz-Bassett, Ethan and Govindan, Ramesh},
  title = { {An Internet-Wide Analysis of Traffic Policing} },
  booktitle = { Proceedings of the ACM Conference of the Special Interest
  		  Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM '16) },
  month =  au,
  location = { Florianópolis, Brazil },
  topics = {video},
  year = {2016},
  		  }
}

PAM

Modeling HTTP/2 Speed from HTTP/1 Traces

Kyriakos Zarifis, Mark Holland, Manish Jain, and 2 more authors

In Passive and Active Measurement Conference (PAM ’16) , ma 2016

Bib

@inproceedings{zarifis.k.holland.m.ea:modeling-http2-speed-from-http1-traces,
  author = {Zarifis, Kyriakos and Holland, Mark and Jain, Manish and Katz-Bassett, Ethan and Govindan, Ramesh},
  title = { {Modeling HTTP/2 Speed from HTTP/1 Traces} },
  booktitle = { Passive and Active Measurement Conference (PAM '16) },
  month =  ma,
  location = { Crete, Greece },
  topics = {video},
  year = {2016},
  		  }
}

<img 
  src="/assets/img/1.jpg"
  class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1"  
  width="auto" 
  height="auto" 
   
  title="example image" 
  
  onerror="this.onerror=null; $('.responsive-img-srcset').remove();"
/>

</picture>

</figure> –> <!–

</figure> –>

<img 
  src="/assets/img/6.jpg"
  class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1"  
  width="auto" 
  height="auto" 
   
  title="example image" 
  
  onerror="this.onerror=null; $('.responsive-img-srcset').remove();"
/>

</picture>

</figure> –> <!–

</figure> –>